The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) designation is the oldest and perhaps most widely known accounting credential in the United States. Governed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and administered by state boards, it focuses heavily on ensuring accuracy and compliance in financial reporting.

• Core Focus: Public accounting domains dominate the CPA’s sphere – Audit and Assurance services, Financial Accounting and Reporting (following GAAP/IFRS), Taxation, and Regulation.


• Typical Roles: Primarily geared towards roles in public accounting firms (the Big Four and others), external auditing, tax consultancy, and forensic accounting. Many CPAs also work in corporate roles, often focused on external reporting and compliance.


• Key Strength: The CPA is the statutory license required to sign audit reports for public companies in the US and is considered the gold standard for those specializing in public accounting practice, assurance, or complex US tax law.

While undeniably valuable for these specific functions, the CPA’s traditional focus on compliance and historical reporting might not fully equip professionals aiming for roles centered on internal strategy and operational decision-making within a business.

The Certified Management Accountant (US CMA) is a globally recognized credential awarded by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA certification body). Unlike the CPA’s external focus, the US CMA certification is specifically designed for accounting and finance professionals working inside organizations.

• Core Focus: The Certified Management Accountant credential emphasizes the practical skills needed to excel in management accounting and strategic financial management. This includes Financial Planning, Performance Management, Advanced Analytics, Strategic Cost Management, Internal Controls, Corporate Finance Decision Making, Risk Management, and Investment Appraisal. It’s about using financial intelligence to drive business performance.


• Typical Roles: The US CMA career path typically leads to influential roles within companies of all sizes, including Financial Analyst, FP&A Manager, Cost Accountant, Controller, Finance Director, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). These roles are integral to guiding business strategy and operational efficiency.


• Key Selling Point: The US CMA provides the forward-looking toolkit that businesses critically need today. It prepares professionals not just to report numbers but to analyze them, provide insights, support strategic decisions, and ultimately create tangible value for the organization.